Carnivoraformes

Carnivoraformes ("carnivora-shaped") is a clade of placental mammals that includes the modern order Carnivora and its extinct stem-relatives.

Carnivoraformes
Temporal range: early Paleocene to present
Diversity of Carnivorans
Miacis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Mirorder: Ferae
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Clade: Carnivoraformes
Flynn, 2010[1]
Subgroups
[see classification]

Classification and phylogeny

Classification

In 2010 Flynn, Finarelli & Spaulding named a new clade Carnivoraformes within Carnivoramorpha, containing carnivorans and "miacids" but not viverravids.[1] The authors defined Carnivoraformes as the clade containing Carnivora and all taxa that are more closely related to Carnivora (represented by Canis lupus) than to viverravids (represented by Viverravus gracilis).

  • Clade: Carnivoraformes

Phylogenetic tree

The phylogenetic relationships of Carnivoraformes are shown in the following cladogram:[2][1][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

 Carnivoramorpha 
 †Viverravidae 
 

†Viverravoidea

 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 
 ? 

†Ravenictis

 
 sensu lato 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 
 ? 

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

 
 Carnivoraformes 
 
 

†Neovulpavus

 
 ? 

†carnivoraform undet. Genus A (UCMP 110072)

 
 

†Lycarion

 
 †Lycarion/Neovulpavus clade
 
 ? 

†carnivoraform undet. Genus B (SDSNH 56335)

 
 ? 

†Ceruttia

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

†Dormaalocyon

 
 

†"Miacis" exiguus

 
 
 
 

†Vassacyon

 
 

†Vulpavus

 
 
 
 

†"Miacis" deutschi

 
 †Vulpavus clade
 
 
 
 

†Miocyon

 
 

†Simamphicyon

 
 
 

†Zodiocyon

 
 
 

†Uintacyon

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" boqinghensis

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" lushiensis

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" thailandicus

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" invictus

 
 
 †Uintacyon clade
 
 

†Miacis

 
 

†carnivoraform sp. (PM 3868)

 
 

†Dawsonicyon

 
 ? 

†Africtis

 
 

†"Miacis" petilus

 
 

†"Miacis" latidens

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" hookwayi

 
 
 

†Paroodectes

 
 

†Paramiacis

 
 

†Eogale

 
 
 

†Gracilocyon

 
 

†Oodectes

 
 
 †Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade
 
 
 
 

†Prodaphaenus

 
 ? 

†Walshius

 
 Carnivora 
 

Feliformia

 
 

Caniformia

 
 sensu stricto 
 
 
 
 (Carnivora [sensu lato]) 

References
  1. John J. Flynn; John A. Finarelli; Michelle Spaulding (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Anjali Goswami; Anthony Friscia (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
  2. Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.” First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle
  3. Michelle Spaulding; John J. Flynn; Richard K. Stucky (2010). "A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA". Palaeontology. 53 (4): 815–832. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x.
  4. Susumu Tomiya (2011). "A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24146. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624146T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. PMC 3173397. PMID 21935380.
  5. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86207013.
  6. Wang, Jian; Zhang, Zhaoqun (2015). "Phylogenetic analysis on Palaeogale (Palaeogalidae, Carnivora) based on specimens from Oligocene strata of Saint-Jacques, Nei Mongol". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 53 (4): 310–334.
  7. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
  8. Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. Bibcode:2016RSOS....3p0518T. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5098994. PMID 27853569.
  9. Solé, Floréal; Ladevèze, Sandrine (2017). "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria,Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars". Evolution & Development. 19 (2): 56–68. doi:10.1111/ede.12219. PMID 28181377. S2CID 46774007.
  10. Prevosti, F. J., & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018). "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"
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