Tyrannoraptora

Tyrannoraptora is a clade defined as "all descendants of the last common ancestor of Tyrannosaurus rex and Passer domesticus (the house sparrow)".[2] The clade was named in 1999 by the American paleontologist Paul Sereno, though in his original concept had Tyrannosauroidea being the sister taxon to Pennaraptora (which in Serenos paper was synonyms with Maniraptora as Therizinosaurs more closely related to Ornithomimosaurs and the term Pennaraptora had not been coined as yet).[3] Phylogenetic analyses have since, however, found the group also encompasses Compsognathidae, Ornithomimosauria, Alvarezsauroidea, and Therizinosauria.[4][5][6] Thus tyrannoraptorans are divided into tyrannosauroids and maniraptoromorphs.

Tyrannoraptorans
Temporal range:
Middle Jurassic–Present, Possible Early Jurassic record
Skeleton mount of Tyrannosaurus rex
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Avetheropoda
Clade: Coelurosauria
Clade: Tyrannoraptora
Sereno, 1999
Subclades

The cladogram below shows Sereno's original concept for Tyrannoraptora.

 
 

Compsognathidae

 
 

Ornitholestes

 
'Maniraptoriformes
Ornithomimosauria
 

Therizinosauroidea

 
Ornithomimoidea
 

Ornithomimidae

 
 

Alvarezsauridae

 
 
 
Tyrannoraptora
Tyrannosauroidea
Tyrannosauridae
 

Tyrannosaurinae

 
 

Albertosaurus

 
 
 

Alectrosaurus

 
 
Maniraptora
Oviraptorosauria
 

Caenagnathidae

 
 

Oviraptoridae

 
 
Paraves
Deinonychosauria
 

Troodontidae

 
Dromaeosauridae
 

Dromaeosaurinae

 
 

Velociraptorinae

 
 
 
Aves
 

Archaeopteryx

 
Ornithurae
 

Confuciusornithidae

 
Ornithothoraces
 

Enantiornithes

 
 

Euornithes

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The Cladogram below shows the modern interpretation of Tyrannoraptora.[7]

Coelurosauria
 

†Bicentenaria

 
 
 

†Zuolong

 
Tyrannoraptora
 

†Tyrannosauroidea

 
 
 

†Aorun

 
 
 

†Scipionyx

 
 
 

†Ornitholestes

 
 
 

†Compsognathidae

 
Maniraptoriformes
 

†Ornithomimosauria

 
 

Maniraptora

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References
  1. Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019). "A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight". PeerJ. 7: e7247. doi:10.7717/peerj.7247. PMC 6626525. PMID 31333906.
  2. Holtz Jr., T. R.; Molnar, R. E.; Currie, Phillip C. (2004). "Basal Tetanurae". In Weishampel, D. A.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria, Second Edition. California: University of California Press. pp. 71–110. ISBN 0520254082.
  3. Sereno, P. C. (1999). "The evolution of dinosaurs". Science. 258 (5423): 2137–2147. doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2137. PMID 10381873.
  4. Zelenitsky, D. K.; Therrien, F.; Erickson, G. M.; Debuhr, C. L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Eberth, D. A.; Hadfield, F. (2012). "Feathered Non-Avian Dinosaurs from North America Provide Insight into Wing Origins". Science. 338 (6106): 510–514. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..510Z. doi:10.1126/science.1225376. PMID 23112330. S2CID 2057698.
  5. Andrea Cau (2018). "The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process" (PDF). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 57 (1): 1–25. doi:10.4435/BSPI.2018.01.
  6. Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019). "A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight". PeerJ. 7: e7247. doi:10.7717/peerj.7247. PMC 6626525. PMID 31333906.
  7. Hendrickx, Mateus (2015). "An Overview of Non- Avian Theropod Discoveries and Classification". PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.