Australosuchus

Australosuchus is an extinct genus of crocodylian belonging to the subfamily Mekosuchinae.[2] The type and only known species Australosuchus clarkae lived during the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene of southern Australia. The generic name Australosuchus means "Southern crocodile". It was described in 1991 from fossil material discovered at Lake Palankarinna in South Australia.[3]

Australosuchus
Temporal range: Late Oligocene–Early Miocene,
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Crocodilia
Clade: †Mekosuchinae
Genus: †Australosuchus
Willis & Molnar, 1991
Type species
†Australosuchus clarkae
Willis & Molnar, 1991

A 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data established the inter-relationships within Crocodilia,[4] which was expanded upon in 2021 by Hekkala et al. using paleogenomics by extracting DNA from the extinct Voay.[5]

The below cladogram from the latest studies shows the placement of Australosuchus within Mekosuchinae:[4]

Crocodylia
 

Alligatoroidea

 
 
 

Prodiplocynodon†

 
 
 

Asiatosuchus†

 
 
 

"Crocodylus" affinis†

 
 
 

"Crocodylus" depressifrons†

 
 
 
 

"Crocodylus" acer†

 
 

Brachyuranochampsa†

 
 
 
Mekosuchinae
 

Australosuchus†

 
 
 
 

Kambara taraina†

 
 

Kambara implexidens†

 
 
 
 

Kambara murgonensis†

 
 
 
 
 

Kalthifrons†

 
 

Palimarchus†

 
 
 
 

Baru wickeni†

 
 
 

Baru darrowi†

 
 

Baru Alcoota†

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Bullock Creek taxon†

 
 

Baru huberi†

 
 
 
 

Volia†

 
 
 

Mekosuchus†

 
 
 

Trilophosuchus†

 
 

Quinkana†

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Longirostres
Crocodyloidea
 

"Crocodylus" megarhinus†

 
 

Crocodylidae

 
 
Gavialoidea
 

extinct basal Gavialoids†

 
Gavialidae
 

Gavialis

 
 

Tomistoma

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References
  1. Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
  2. "†Australosuchus Willis and Molnar 1991". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  3. Willis, P.M.A. & Molnar, R.E. (1991). "A new middle Tertiary crocodile from Lake Palankarinna, South Australia". Records of the South Australian Museum. 25 (1): 39–55.
  4. Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). "Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 285 (1881). doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071. PMC 6030529. PMID 30051855.
  5. Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.


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